Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction(bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence(kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.
Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
s + auxillary verb + past participle
Catatan:
- Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
- Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
- Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).
Contoh:
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
- Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.
Contoh:
play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
| Komponen | Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | be | PP | |
| I | am | paid | I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) |
| the red velvet recipe | is | used | The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.) |
| all of my shoes | are | washed | All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) |
| large amounts of meat and milk | are | consumed | Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.) |
| the book | was | edited | The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
| the books | were | edited | The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh:
- I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
- The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
http://www.wordsmile.com
Active Overview
|
|
Passive
|
|
Simple Present
|
Once a week, the
house is cleaned by Tom.
|
|
Present Continuous
|
Right now, the
letter is being written by Sarah.
|
|
Simple Past
|
The car was
repaired by Sam.
|
|
Past Continuous
|
The customer was
being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
|
|
Present Perfect
|
That castle has
been visited by many tourists.
|
|
Present Perfect
Continuous
|
Recently, the work has
been being done by John.
|
|
Past Perfect
|
Many cars had
been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
|
|
Past Perfect
Continuous
|
The restaurant's
fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for
two years before he moved to Paris.
|
|
Simple Future
will |
The work will
be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
|
Simple Future
be going to |
A beautiful dinner is
going to be made by Sally tonight.
|
|
Future Continuous
will |
At 8:00 PM tonight,
the dishes will be being washed by John.
|
|
Future Continuous
be going to |
At 8:00 PM tonight,
the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
|
|
Future Perfect
will |
The project will
have been completed before the deadline.
|
|
Future Perfect
be going to |
The project is
going to have been completed before the deadline.
|
|
Future Perfect
Continuous
will |
The mural will
have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by
the time it is finished.
|
|
Future Perfect
Continuous
be going to |
The mural is
going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six
months by the time it is finished.
|
|
Used to
|
The bills used
to be paid by Jerry.
|
|
Would Always
|
The pies would
always be made by my mother.
|
|
Future in the Past
Would |
I knew the work would
be finished by 5:00 PM.
|
|
Future in the Past
Was Going to |
I thought a
beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight
|
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html
