Passive voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction(bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence(kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. 

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.

Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

s + auxillary verb + past participle

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

http://www.wordsmile.com

Active Overview

	Passive
Simple Present	Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Present Continuous	Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Simple Past	The car was repaired by Sam.
Past Continuous	The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Present Perfect	That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Present Perfect Continuous	Recently, the work has been being done by John.
Past Perfect	Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Past Perfect Continuous	The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
Simple Future will	The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Simple Future be going to	A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Future Continuous will	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
Future Continuous be going to	At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John.
Future Perfect will	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect be going to	The project is going to have been completed before the deadline.
Future Perfect Continuous will	The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect Continuous be going to	The mural is going to have been being painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.
Used to	The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
Would Always	The pies would always be made by my mother.
Future in the Past Would	I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM.
Future in the Past Was Going to	I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html